When your academic ladder is longer

When your eye patient is a child

eye health needs of young children, focusing on those aged less than six years old. All of you who have tried to examine or measure the visual acuity of young children will know that this can be very challenging and difficult; it can be very tempting to give up and send the child home, particularly if the clinic is busy. We hope that, after reading this edition of the journal and putting into p...

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When is a concussion no longer a concussion?

Concussion has been in the medical lexicon since Hippocrates, and widespread viewing of sports concussion is now commonplace. This mildest form of traumatic brain injury (TBI) has obvious acute effects, but motor symptoms seem to abate quickly as the concussed player leaves the contest. The prompt return to baseline in most sports concussions could be considered as evidence for the transient na...

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When every $P$-flat ideal is flat

In this paper‎, ‎we study the class of rings in which every $P$-flat‎ ‎ideal is flat and which will be called $PFF$-rings‎. ‎In particular‎, ‎Von Neumann regular rings‎, ‎hereditary rings‎, ‎semi-hereditary ring‎, ‎PID and arithmetical rings are examples of $PFF$-rings‎. ‎In the context domain‎, ‎this notion coincide with‎ ‎Pr"{u}fer domain‎. ‎We provide necessary and sufficient conditions for‎...